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Subgroups identified using DNA methylation patterns

Source: Childhood Cancer Genomics (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version, National Cancer Institute.

Source updated: April 30, 2025 · Captured 2026-09-09.

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Context: Central Nervous System Tumors / Astrocytomas, Other Gliomas, and Glioneuronal/Neuronal Tumors / Molecular features of pediatric-type high-grade gliomas

Pediatric-type high-grade gliomas can be separated into distinct subgroups based on epigenetic patterns (DNA methylation). These subgroups show distinguishing chromosome copy number gains/losses and gene variants in the tumor.[10,36,37] Particularly distinctive subtypes of pediatric high-grade gliomas are those with recurring variants at specific amino acids in histone genes, and together these account for approximately one-half of pediatric high-grade gliomas.[10]

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The following pediatric-type high-grade glioma subgroups were identified based on their DNA methylation patterns, and they show distinctive molecular and clinical characteristics:[10]

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Genomic alterations associated with diffuse midline gliomas →The histone K27 variants: H3.3 (H3F3A) and H3.1 (HIST1H3B and, rarely, HIST1H3C) variants at K27 and EZHIP →H3.3 (H3F3A) variant at G34 →IDH1 and IDH2 variants →Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA)–like →High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features →

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Preserved source evidence · Independent clinical review pending · Not medical advice