Skip to content
TriangleGet started
← Rectal Cancer

HEALTH PROFESSIONAL · SOURCE READING

Systemic therapy

Source: Rectal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version, National Cancer Institute.

Source updated: February 12, 2025 · Captured 2026-09-09.

Selected source text with whitespace normalised. This Triangle page is not an NCI PDQ summary. Independent clinical review is pending.

Context: Treatment of Stage IV and Recurrent Rectal Cancer / Treatment Options for Stage IV and Recurrent Rectal Cancer

The following drugs are used alone and in combination with other drugs for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer:

Fluorouracil (5-FU).

Source links and citations

Irinotecan.

Source links and citations

Oxaliplatin.

Source links and citations

Capecitabine.

Source links and citations

Bevacizumab.

Source links and citations

FOLFOXIRI (irinotecan, oxaliplatin, leucovorin [LV], and 5-FU).

Source links and citations

Cetuximab.

Source links and citations

Ziv-aflibercept.

Source links and citations

Ramucirumab.

Source links and citations

Panitumumab.

Source links and citations

Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody versus anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody with first-line chemotherapy.

Source links and citations

Regorafenib.

Source links and citations

Fruquintinib.

Source links and citations

Trifluridine-tipiracil.

Source links and citations

Encorafenib with cetuximab for patients with BRAF V600E variants.

Source links and citations

Sotorasib with panitumumab for patients with KRAS G12C variants.

Source links and citations

Continue within this section

5-FU →Irinotecan and oxaliplatin →Capecitabine →Bevacizumab →FOLFOXIRI →Cetuximab →Ziv-aflibercept →Ramucirumab →Panitumumab →Anti-EGFR antibody versus anti-VEGF antibody with first-line chemotherapy →Regorafenib →Fruquintinib →Trifluridine-tipiracil →Encorafenib with cetuximab for patients with BRAF V600E variants →Sotorasib with panitumumab for patients with KRAS G12C variants →

Preserved source evidence · Independent clinical review pending · Not medical advice