HEALTH PROFESSIONAL · SOURCE READING

Combined Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Antiangiogenic Targeted Therapies

Source: Renal Cell Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version, National Cancer Institute.

Source updated: May 13, 2025 · Captured 2026-09-09.

Selected source text with whitespace normalised. This Triangle page is not an NCI PDQ summary.

Context: Treatment of Stage IV and Recurrent Renal Cell Cancer

After immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic targeted therapies were found to improve outcomes, clinical trials of the combination of these two approaches showed longer OS when compared with monotherapy.

Continue within this section

Pembrolizumab plus axitinib →Pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib →Nivolumab plus cabozantinib →Avelumab plus axitinib →

Preserved source evidence · Not medical advice