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← Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors

TREATMENT READING

Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors, part 2

Source sections for this topic, with the original link and date. Patient and professional reading are labelled separately.

Not medical advice · Not a complete treatment or trial directory

Made by Triangle.

Selected text from the National Cancer Institute, with the original link and date. Made by Triangle. This page is not an NCI PDQ summary. Source topics may be broader than an individual diagnosis.

97 sections
  1. Treatment of adults with Wilms tumor
  2. Treatment of Wilms Tumor
  3. Treatment option overview for Wilms tumor
  4. COG and SIOP approaches to Wilms tumor treatment
  5. Surgery
  6. Lymph node sampling
  7. Pleural effusions
  8. Chemotherapy
  9. Radiation therapy
  10. COG approach
  11. SIOP approach
  12. Treatment of stage I Wilms tumor
  13. Treatment of stage II Wilms tumor
  14. Treatment of stage II patients with intraoperative spill
  15. Treatment of stage III Wilms tumor
  16. Radiation therapy
  17. Loss of heterozygosity of 1p or 16q
  18. Loss of heterozygosity of 1p and 16q
  19. Treatment of stage IV Wilms tumor
  20. Chromosome 1q gain
  21. Treatment of pulmonary nodules and metastases
  22. Liver metastases at diagnosis
  23. NWTS
  24. SIOP
  25. Treatment of stage IV diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor
  26. Treatment options under clinical evaluation
  27. Treatment of stage V Wilms tumor and those predisposed to developing bilateral Wilms tumor
  28. Preoperative chemotherapy and resection
  29. Treatment of patients with multicentric or bilaterally predisposed unilateral Wilms tumors
  30. WAGR syndrome and Wilms tumor outcomes
  31. Renal transplant
  32. Treatment options under clinical evaluation
  33. Treatment and outcomes of recurrent Wilms tumor
  34. Prognosis, prognostic factors, and risk categories for recurrent Wilms tumor
  35. Treatment of standard-risk relapsed Wilms tumor
  36. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy
  37. Treatment of high-risk and very high-risk relapsed Wilms tumor
  38. Chemotherapy, surgery, and/or radiation therapy
  39. HSCT
  40. Treatment options under clinical evaluation for recurrent Wilms tumor
  41. Follow-up after treatment
  42. Late effects after Wilms tumor therapy
  43. Treatment of RCC
  44. Radical nephrectomy with lymph node sampling
  45. Renal-sparing surgery with lymph node sampling
  46. Other approaches
  47. Treatment Options Under Clinical Evaluation for RCC
  48. Treatment of Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney
  49. Treatment Options Under Clinical Evaluation for Rhabdoid Tumors of the Kidney
  50. Treatment of Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney
  51. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy
  52. Treatment of Recurrent Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney
  53. Treatment options under clinical evaluation for recurrent clear cell sarcoma of the kidney
  54. Treatment of Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma
  55. Nephrectomy
  56. Adjuvant chemotherapy
  57. Treatment Options Under Clinical Evaluation for Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma
  58. Treatment of Recurrent Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma
  59. Treatment options under clinical evaluation for recurrent congenital mesoblastic nephroma
  60. Treatment of Ewing Sarcoma of the Kidney
  61. Treatment of Primary Renal Myoepithelial Carcinoma
  62. Treatment of Cystic Partially Differentiated Nephroblastoma
  63. Treatment of Multilocular Cystic Nephroma
  64. Treatment of Anaplastic Sarcoma of the Kidney
  65. Treatment of Primary Renal Synovial Sarcoma
  66. Treatment of Nephroblastomatosis (Diffuse Hyperplastic Perilobar Nephroblastomatosis)
  67. Special Considerations for the Treatment of Children With Cancer
  68. Treatment of RCC
  69. Treatment of rhabdoid tumor of the kidney
  70. Types of treatment for kidney cancer in children
  71. Who treats children with kidney cancer?
  72. Treatment options
  73. Surgery
  74. Radiation therapy
  75. Chemotherapy
  76. Immunotherapy
  77. Stem cell transplant
  78. Targeted therapy
  79. Clinical trials
  80. Side effects and late effects of treatment
  81. Types of treatment for Wilms tumor
  82. Who treats children with Wilms tumor?
  83. Treatment options
  84. Surgery
  85. Radiation therapy
  86. Chemotherapy
  87. Stem cell transplant
  88. Clinical trials
  89. Treatment of Wilms tumor by stage and histology
  90. Stage I Wilms tumor
  91. Stage II Wilms tumor
  92. Stage III Wilms tumor
  93. Stage IV Wilms tumor
  94. Stage V Wilms tumor and children at high risk of developing bilateral Wilms tumor
  95. Treatment of cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma
  96. Treatment of recurrent Wilms tumor
  97. Side effects and late effects of treatment

For patients · Treatment of Wilms tumor by stage and histology

Stage III Wilms tumor

Source: Wilms Tumor (PDQ®)–Patient Version, National Cancer Institute.

Source updated: May 12, 2025. Captured 2026-09-09.

Treatment of stage III Wilms tumor with favorable histology is nephrectomy with removal of lymph nodes, followed by radiation therapy to the abdomen and combination chemotherapy.

Sources: stage III Wilms tumor · histology

Treatment of stage III anaplastic Wilms tumor may include:

Sources: anaplastic

nephrectomy with removal of lymph nodes, followed by radiation therapy to the abdomen and combination chemotherapy

combination chemotherapy, followed by nephrectomy with removal of lymph nodes, followed by radiation therapy to the abdomen

Use our clinical trial search to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. General information about clinical trials is also available.

Sources: clinical trial search · General information

This page is made by Triangle. The reading above is selected source text, not a treatment recommendation, and it is not medical advice.

For patients · Treatment of Wilms tumor by stage and histology

Stage IV Wilms tumor

Source: Wilms Tumor (PDQ®)–Patient Version, National Cancer Institute.

Source updated: May 12, 2025. Captured 2026-09-09.

Treatment of stage IV Wilms tumor with favorable histology may include:

Sources: stage IV Wilms tumor · histology

Nephrectomy with removal of lymph nodes, followed by combination chemotherapy. Radiation therapy may be given to the area where the tumor was or to other parts of the abdomen.

Radiation therapy to treat cancer that has spread to other parts of the body.

Treatment of stage IV anaplastic Wilms tumor may include:

Sources: anaplastic

nephrectomy with removal of lymph nodes, followed by radiation therapy to the abdomen and combination chemotherapy

chemotherapy given before nephrectomy with removal of lymph nodes, followed by radiation therapy to the abdomen

radiation therapy to treat cancer that has spread to other parts of the body

Use our clinical trial search to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. General information about clinical trials is also available.

Sources: clinical trial search · General information

For patients · Treatment of Wilms tumor by stage and histology

Stage V Wilms tumor and children at high risk of developing bilateral Wilms tumor

Source: Wilms Tumor (PDQ®)–Patient Version, National Cancer Institute.

Source updated: May 12, 2025. Captured 2026-09-09.

Treatment of stage V Wilms tumor or bilateral Wilms tumor may be different for each child and may include:

Sources: stage V Wilms tumor

Combination chemotherapy to shrink the tumor, followed by repeat imaging at 6 to 12 weeks to decide on further treatment. A biopsy may be done or treatment may be given, including partial nephrectomy, continued chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.

Sources: imaging · partial nephrectomy

A biopsy of the kidneys, followed by combination chemotherapy to shrink the tumor. Then, surgery is done to remove as much of the cancer as possible. If cancer remains after surgery, your child may have chemotherapy and possibly radiation therapy.

If a kidney transplant is needed because of kidney problems, it is usually delayed until 1 to 2 years after treatment is completed and there are no signs of cancer.

Sources: transplant · signs

Use our clinical trial search to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. General information about clinical trials is also available.

Sources: clinical trial search · General information

For patients

Treatment of cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma

Source: Wilms Tumor (PDQ®)–Patient Version, National Cancer Institute.

Source updated: May 12, 2025. Captured 2026-09-09.

Treatment of cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma is surgery that may be followed by chemotherapy.

Sources: cystic · differentiated

For patients

Treatment of recurrent Wilms tumor

Source: Wilms Tumor (PDQ®)–Patient Version, National Cancer Institute.

Source updated: May 12, 2025. Captured 2026-09-09.

To learn about the treatments listed below, visit Types of treatment for Wilms tumor.

Sources: Types of treatment for Wilms tumor

Treatment of recurrent Wilms tumor may include:

Sources: recurrent

a combination of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy

high-dose chemotherapy followed by a stem cell transplant using your child's own blood stem cells

Use our clinical trial search to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. General information about clinical trials is also available.

Sources: clinical trial search · General information

For patients

Side effects and late effects of treatment

Source: Wilms Tumor (PDQ®)–Patient Version, National Cancer Institute.

Source updated: May 12, 2025. Captured 2026-09-09.

Cancer treatments can cause side effects. Which side effects your child might have depends on the type of treatment they receive, the dose, and how their body reacts. Talk with your child's treatment team about which side effects to look for and ways to manage them.

To learn more about side effects that begin during treatment for cancer, visit Side Effects.

Sources: side effects · Side Effects

Problems from cancer treatment that begin 6 months or later after treatment and continue for months or years are called late effects. Late effects of cancer treatment may include:

physical problems, such as trouble with exercise, mobility, strength, and flexibility

chronic health conditions that affect the heart, lungs, kidneys, intestines, and hormone levels

infertility or problems during pregnancy, including high blood pressure, early labor, or the baby being in an unusual position as birth approaches

Sources: infertility

neurological symptoms, such as changes in mood, feelings, thinking, learning, or memory

second cancers (new types of cancer), such as leukemias, thyroid cancer, cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, breast cancer, or skin cancer

Sources: leukemias · gastrointestinal tract · breast cancer · skin cancer

Some late effects may be treated or controlled. It is important to talk with your child's doctors about the effects cancer treatment can have on your child. Learn more about Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer.

Sources: Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer

Children with Wilms tumor and related problems may be monitored for late effects involving the kidneys.

Children with WAGR syndrome are monitored throughout their lives because they are at increased risk of developing hypertension and kidney disease.

Sources: WAGR syndrome · hypertension

Children with Wilms tumor and an abnormal genitourinary system are monitored because they are at increased risk of late kidney failure.

Sources: abnormal · genitourinary system · kidney failure

Children with Wilms tumor and aniridia without an abnormal genitourinary system are at lower risk but are monitored for kidney disease or kidney failure.

Sources: aniridia

Clinical trials are being done to find out if lower doses of chemotherapy and radiation can be used to lessen the late effects of treatment without changing how well the treatment works.

Sources: chemotherapy · radiation

Studies

Combination Chemotherapy Alone or With Radiation Therapy in Treating Children With Kidney Cancer

NCT00002611 · COMPLETED · phase3

Kidney Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov record

Chemotherapy Plus Surgery in Treating Children at Risk of or With Stage I Wilms' Tumor

NCT00003804 · UNKNOWN · phase3

Kidney Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov record

Ixabepilone in Treating Young Patients With Refractory Solid Tumors

NCT00331643 · COMPLETED · phase2

Adult Rhabdomyosarcoma, Adult Synovial Sarcoma, Alveolar Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma, Childhood Synovial Sarcoma, Embryonal Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma, Previously Treated...

ClinicalTrials.gov record

Combination Chemotherapy, Radiation Therapy, and/or Surgery in Treating Patients With High-Risk Kidney Tumors

NCT00335556 · COMPLETED · phase2

Childhood Renal Cell Carcinoma, Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma, Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney, Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma, Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney, Stage I Renal...

ClinicalTrials.gov record

Vincristine, Dactinomycin, and Doxorubicin With or Without Radiation Therapy or Observation Only in Treating Younger Patients Who Are Undergoing Surgery for Newly Diagnosed Stage I, Stage II, or Stage III Wilms' Tumor

NCT00352534 · COMPLETED · phase3

Stage I Kidney Wilms Tumor, Stage II Kidney Wilms Tumor, Stage III Kidney Wilms Tumor

ClinicalTrials.gov record

Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Radiation Therapy in Treating Young Patients With Newly Diagnosed Stage III or Stage IV Wilms' Tumor

NCT00379340 · COMPLETED · phase3

Stage III Kidney Wilms Tumor, Stage IV Kidney Wilms Tumor

ClinicalTrials.gov record

Study of Kidney Tumors in Younger Patients

NCT00898365 · COMPLETED · Phase not reported

Adult Cystic Nephroma, Anaplastic Kidney Wilms Tumor, Angiolipoma, Cellular Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma, Classic Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma, Clear Cell Sarcoma of the...

ClinicalTrials.gov record

Combination Chemotherapy and Surgery in Treating Young Patients With Wilms Tumor

NCT00945009 · COMPLETED · phase3

Adult Kidney Wilms Tumor, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, Childhood Kidney Wilms Tumor, Diffuse Hyperplastic Perilobar Nephroblastomatosis, Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney, Stage I...

ClinicalTrials.gov record

A Study of Combination Chemotherapy for Patients With Newly Diagnosed DAWT and Relapsed FHWT

NCT04322318 · RECRUITING · phase2

Anaplastic Kidney Wilms Tumor, Recurrent Kidney Wilms Tumor, Stage II Kidney Wilms Tumor, Stage III Kidney Wilms Tumor, Stage IV Kidney Wilms Tumor

ClinicalTrials.gov record

Tiragolumab and Atezolizumab for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory SMARCB1 or SMARCA4 Deficient Tumors

NCT05286801 · ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING · phase1, phase2

Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor, Epithelioid Sarcoma, Kidney Medullary Carcinoma, Malignant Solid Neoplasm, Poorly Differentiated Chordoma, Recurrent Atypical...

ClinicalTrials.gov record

Etanercept in Treating Young Patients With Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome After Undergoing a Donor Stem Cell Transplant

NCT00309907 · COMPLETED · phase2

Accelerated Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Blastic Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Remission, Childhood Acute Myeloid...

ClinicalTrials.gov record

Lithium Carbonate in Treating Patients With Acute Intestinal Graft-Versus-Host-Disease (GVHD) After Donor Stem Cell Transplant

NCT00408681 · COMPLETED · na

Accelerated Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Remission, Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission, Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With...

ClinicalTrials.gov record

Cixutumumab in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors

NCT00831844 · COMPLETED · phase2

Adult Rhabdomyosarcoma, Adult Synovial Sarcoma, Childhood Hepatoblastoma, Childhood Synovial Sarcoma, Previously Treated Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma, Recurrent Adrenocortical...

ClinicalTrials.gov record

Supersaturated Calcium Phosphate Rinse in Preventing Oral Mucositis in Young Patients Undergoing Autologous or Donor Stem Cell Transplant

NCT01305200 · COMPLETED · phase3

Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Remission, Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission, Childhood Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Childhood Myelodysplastic Syndromes,...

ClinicalTrials.gov record

Sorafenib Tosylate in Treating Younger Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms Tumor, Liver Cancer, or Thyroid Cancer

NCT01502410 · COMPLETED · phase2

Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Papillary Thyroid Cancer, Previously Treated Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma, Recurrent Childhood Liver Cancer, Recurrent Childhood...

ClinicalTrials.gov record

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in Treating Younger Patients With Lung Metastases

NCT01586104 · COMPLETED · na

Adult Rhabdomyosarcoma, Lung Metastases, Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma, Previously Treated Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma, Recurrent Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Recurrent Childhood...

ClinicalTrials.gov record

Study of Fixed vs. Flexible Filgrastim to Accelerate Bone Marrow Recovery After Chemotherapy in Children With Cancer

NCT01987596 · TERMINATED · phase3

Childhood Choroid Plexus Tumor, Childhood Medulloblastoma, Childhood Pineoblastoma, Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Childhood Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor,...

ClinicalTrials.gov record

Disease and treatment settings

Childhood Kidney Tumors

Disease and treatment setting

Childhood Kidney Tumors

recurrent Childhood Kidney Tumors

Disease and treatment setting

Treatment and outcomes of recurrent Wilms tumor

recurrent Wilms Tumor

Disease and treatment setting

Treatment and outcomes of recurrent Wilms tumor

Stage I Childhood Kidney Tumors

Disease and treatment setting

Treatment of stage I Wilms tumor

Stage I Wilms Tumor

Disease and treatment setting

Treatment of stage I Wilms tumor

Stage II Childhood Kidney Tumors

Disease and treatment setting

Treatment of stage II Wilms tumor

Stage II Wilms Tumor

Disease and treatment setting

Treatment of stage II Wilms tumor

Stage III Childhood Kidney Tumors

Disease and treatment setting

Treatment of stage III Wilms tumor

Stage III Wilms Tumor

Disease and treatment setting

Treatment of stage III Wilms tumor

Stage IV Childhood Kidney Tumors

Disease and treatment setting

Treatment of stage IV Wilms tumor

Stage IV Wilms Tumor

Disease and treatment setting

Treatment of stage IV Wilms tumor

Stage V Childhood Kidney Tumors

Disease and treatment setting

Treatment of stage V Wilms tumor and those predisposed to developing bilateral Wilms tumor

Stage V Wilms Tumor

Disease and treatment setting

Treatment of stage V Wilms tumor and those predisposed to developing bilateral Wilms tumor

Wilms Tumor

Disease and treatment setting

Wilms Tumor