Treatment Option Overview for Urethral Cancer

Information about the treatment of urethral cancer and the outcomes of therapy is derived from retrospective, single-center case series and represents a very low Level of evidence C3. Most of this information comes from the small numbers of cases accumulated over many decades at major academic centers. Therefore, the treatment in these reports is usually not standardized and spans eras of shifting supportive care practices. Because urethral cancer is rare, its treatment may also reflect extrapolation from the management of other urothelial malignancies, such as bladder cancer in the case of transitional cancers and anal cancer in the case of squamous cell carcinomas.