Immunotherapy

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF): a cytokine that helps the body make more white blood cells, especially granulocytes and macrophages, which can attack and kill cancer cells. GM-CSF can also enhance the immune system response against cancer by increasing the number of cancer-fighting T cells.

CAR T-cell therapy: The patient's T cells (a type of immune system cell) are changed so that they will attack certain proteins on the surface of cancer cells. T cells are taken from the patient, and special receptors are added to their surface in the laboratory. The changed cells are called chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. The CAR T cells are grown in the laboratory and given to the patient by infusion. The CAR T cells multiply in the patient's blood and attack cancer cells. CAR T-cell therapy is being studied to treat neuroblastoma that has come back after treatment or has not responded to treatment.