Salvage autologous bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplant after relapse from first transplant

Source: Plasma Cell Neoplasms (Including Multiple Myeloma) Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version, National Cancer Institute.

Source updated: April 25, 2025 · Captured 2026-09-09.

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Context: Treatment of Multiple Myeloma / Consolidation Therapy

After relapsing more than 24 months after autologous SCT, 174 patients received reinduction therapy and were then randomly assigned to receive either high-dose melphalan and salvage autologous SCT or oral weekly cyclophosphamide.[121] With a median follow-up of 52 months, the median OS was superior for salvage autologous SCT: 67 months (95% CI, 55–not estimable) versus 52 months (42–60) (HR, 0.56; 0.35–0.90; P = .017).[121,122][Level of evidence A1]

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In a retrospective review of 233 patients with refractory myeloma or relapsed and refractory myeloma who underwent a salvage autologous SCT, 81% of patients achieved a partial response (PR) or better.[123][Level of evidence C3]

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Preserved source evidence · Not medical advice