Dual checkpoint inhibition

T cells coexpress several receptors that inhibit T-cell function. Preclinical data and early clinical data suggest that co-blockade of two inhibitory receptors may be more effective than blockade of either alone.[11] This led to a phase III trial (NCT01844505) comparing each single agent with the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab, and another phase III trial comparing nivolumab to the combination of nivolumab and relatlimab (NCT03470922). The FDA has approved both the ipilimumab-nivolumab and the nivolumab-relatlimab combinations.