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Dual checkpoint inhibition
Source: Melanoma Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version, National Cancer Institute.
Source updated: May 2, 2025 · Captured 2026-09-09.
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The combination of an anti–programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody and an anti–cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibody (nivolumab and ipilimumab) has prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and OS compared with ipilimumab monotherapy. However, this combination is associated with significant toxicity.
Studies have demonstrated a PFS benefit for patients who receive the combination of nivolumab and the anti–lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3) antibody relatlimab, compared with nivolumab monotherapy.[25] OS and response rate data are immature.
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