Hydroxyurea

Source: Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version, National Cancer Institute.

Source updated: May 14, 2025 · Captured 2026-09-09.

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Context: Treatment of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia / Treatment Overview

Hydroxyurea has been given for other diseases with chronic myeloproliferation, such as thrombocythemia and myelofibrosis. These applications suggest the use of hydroxyurea for CMML with leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, or splenomegaly.[37] In a randomized prospective clinical trial of 105 patients with CMML, hydroxyurea (up to 4 g/day) was compared with etoposide.[38] With a median follow-up of 11 months, the median OS was 20 months in patients who received hydroxyurea and 9 months in patients who received etoposide (P < .0001).[38][Level of evidence A1]

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