Treatment Options for Metastatic and Recurrent Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer

Surgery is the preferred treatment if radiation therapy was used initially.[3]

Surgery,[3] radiation therapy, or a combination of these treatments may be considered if surgery was used to treat the lesion initially.

Immunotherapy.[4-12]

Immunotherapy.[4-12]

Pembrolizumab.

Immunotherapy.[4-12]

Nivolumab.

Although chemotherapy has been shown to induce responses, no increase in survival has been demonstrated.[13]

Clinical trials evaluating new chemotherapy drugs, chemotherapy and re-irradiation, or hyperthermia should be considered because both surgical salvage after primary radiation therapy and radiation therapy after primary surgery give poor results.[14,15]