TriangleHEALTH PROFESSIONAL · SOURCE READING
Surgery
Source: Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version, National Cancer Institute.
Source updated: April 14, 2025 · Captured 2026-09-09.
Selected source text with whitespace normalised. This Triangle page is not an NCI PDQ summary.
Context: Late Effects of the Urinary System / Therapy-Related Bladder Complications
Surgical procedures involving the lower genitourinary tract have the potential to impair normal function of the bladder and normal voiding mechanisms.
Any cancer therapy or tumor infiltration that disrupts innervation of the bladder can have deleterious effects on bladder function that may manifest as impaired bladder storage, inability to void, and/or incontinence.
Children who have undergone ileal enterocystoplasty for bladder augmentation are at risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency. Serum B12 levels decrease over time after the procedure, with the greatest risk occurring 7 years postoperatively.[45]
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Preserved source evidence · Not medical advice