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Diagnosis
Source: Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version, National Cancer Institute.
Source updated: May 16, 2025 · Captured 2026-09-09.
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Context: General Information About Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma Treatment
Careful examination by an experienced clinician remains the most important test to diagnose intraocular melanoma. A small uveal melanoma cannot be distinguished from a nevus. Small uveal lesions are observed for growth before making a diagnosis of melanoma. Clinical findings that may help to identify melanoma include:[6]
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Orange pigment on the tumor surface.
Subretinal fluid.
Tumor thickness of more than 2 mm.
Low internal reflectivity on ultrasound examination.
Ancillary diagnostic testing, including fluorescein angiography and ultrasonography, can be extremely valuable in establishing and confirming the diagnosis.[9] In a large, retrospective, single-center series of 2,514 consecutive patients with choroidal nevi, the progression rate to melanoma was 8.6% at 5 years, 12.8% at 10 years, and 17.3% at 15 years.[10]
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