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Treatment Options for Medium and Large Choroidal Melanoma
Source: Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version, National Cancer Institute.
Source updated: May 16, 2025 · Captured 2026-09-09.
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Context: Treatment of Medium and Large Choroidal Melanoma
Tumor growth pattern is a factor in the therapeutic decision. Enucleation is considered for a diffuse melanoma or extraocular extension, but radiation therapy can be employed for less extensive disease.
Treatment options for medium and large choroidal melanoma include:
Medium-sized choroidal melanomas
External-beam, charged-particle radiation therapy. This approach is offered at specialized referral centers. It requires careful patient cooperation, with voluntary fixation of gaze.[5-7]
Combined therapy, with ablative laser coagulation or transpupillary thermotherapy to supplement plaque treatment.[10,11] For more information, see the Transpupillary Thermotherapy section.
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Enucleation. This approach is considered primarily for diffuse melanomas or extraocular extension. Enucleation may be necessary when there are radiation complications or tumor recurrences.[10]
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Large choroidal melanomas
Enucleation when the tumor is judged to be too large for eye-sparing approaches.
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Preserved source evidence · Not medical advice