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Treatment Options for Relapsed CML
Source: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version, National Cancer Institute.
Source updated: March 13, 2025 · Captured 2026-09-09.
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Context: Treatment of Relapsed CML
Treatment options for relapsed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) include:
Targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
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Targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
Ponatinib.
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Targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
Asciminib.
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Relapsed CML is characterized by any evidence of progression of disease from a stable remission. This may include:
Increasing myeloid or blast cells in the peripheral blood or bone marrow.
Cytogenetic positivity when previously cytogenetic negative.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) positivity for BCR::ABL1 translocation when previously FISH negative.
Detection of the BCR::ABL1 translocation by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) during prolonged remissions does not constitute relapse on its own. However, exponential drops in quantitative RT-PCR measurements for 3 to 12 months correlates with the degree of cytogenetic response, just as exponential rises may be associated with quantitative RT-PCR measurements that are closely connected with clinical relapse.[1] Overt treatment failure is defined as a loss of hematologic remission or progression to accelerated-phase or blast crisis phase CML. A consistently rising quantitative RT-PCR BCR::ABL1 level suggests relapsed disease.
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Preserved source evidence · Not medical advice