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Hematopoietic growth factors
Source: Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version, National Cancer Institute.
Source updated: April 15, 2025 · Captured 2026-09-09.
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Context: Treatment of Childhood AML / Induction Therapy / Supportive care
Hematopoietic growth factors such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or G-CSF during AML induction therapy have been evaluated in multiple placebo-controlled studies in adults with AML in attempts to reduce the toxicity associated with prolonged myelosuppression.[2] These studies have generally shown a reduction in the duration of neutropenia of several days with the use of either G-CSF or GM-CSF [49] but have not shown significant effects on treatment-related mortality or OS.[49] For more information, see the Treatment Option Overview for AML section in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment.
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Routine prophylactic use of hematopoietic growth factors is not recommended for children with AML.
Evidence (against the use of hematopoietic growth factors):
A randomized study in children with AML that evaluated G-CSF administered after induction chemotherapy showed a reduction in duration of neutropenia but no difference in infectious complications or mortality.[50]
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A higher relapse rate has been reported for children with AML expressing the differentiation defective G-CSF receptor isoform IV.[51]
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Preserved source evidence · Not medical advice