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Treatment of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Source: Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia/Other Myeloid Malignancies Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version, National Cancer Institute.
Source updated: June 5, 2024 · Captured 2026-09-09.
Selected source text with whitespace normalised. This Triangle page is not an NCI PDQ summary. Independent clinical review is pending.
For information about the treatments listed below, see the Treatment Option Overview section.
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Treatment of newly diagnosed childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during the induction phase may include the following:
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Combination chemotherapy.
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Central nervous system prophylaxis therapy with intrathecal chemotherapy.
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Targeted therapy with a monoclonal antibody (gemtuzumab ozogamicin).
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A clinical trial of targeted therapy (sorafenib).
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A clinical trial of chemotherapy and targeted therapy (gilteritinib).
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Supportive care.
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Treatment of childhood AML during the remission phase (consolidation/intensification therapy) depends on the subtype of AML and may include the following:
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Combination chemotherapy.
High-dose chemotherapy followed by using blood stem cells from a donor.
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Targeted therapy (such as FLT3 inhibitors).
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Treatment of refractory childhood AML may include the following:
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Chemotherapy.
Targeted therapy with a monoclonal antibody (gemtuzumab ozogamicin).
Radiation therapy to treat a myeloid sarcoma that does not completely respond to chemotherapy.
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Treatment of recurrent childhood AML may include the following:
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Combination chemotherapy.
Targeted therapy with a monoclonal antibody (gemtuzumab ozogamicin).
Radiation therapy to treat locally recurring myeloid sarcoma.
A clinical trial of targeted therapy (midostaurin, sorafenib, or gilteritinib).
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Combination chemotherapy and stem cell transplant, for patients who have had a second complete remission.
A second stem cell transplant, for patients whose disease came back after the first stem cell transplant.
Preserved source evidence · Independent clinical review pending · Not medical advice