T-ALL

Historically, patients with T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have had a worse prognosis than children with B-ALL. In a review of a large number of patients treated on Children's Oncology Group (COG) trials over a 15-year period, T-cell immunophenotype still proved to be a negative prognostic factor on multivariate analysis.[1] However, with current treatment regimens, outcomes for children with T-ALL are now approaching those achieved for children with B-ALL. For example, the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) ALL Consortium reported a 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of 81% and an overall survival (OS) rate of 90% for patients with T-ALL who were treated on two consecutive clinical trials between 2005 and 2015.[2] Another example is the COG AALL0434 (NCT00408005) trial for T-ALL that resulted in a 5-year EFS rate of 83.8% and an OS rate of 89.5%.[3]