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TREATMENT READING

Breast Cancer, part 4

Source sections for this topic, with the original link and date. Patient and professional reading are labelled separately.

Not medical advice · Not a complete treatment or trial directory

Made by Triangle.

Selected text from the National Cancer Institute, with the original link and date. Made by Triangle. This page is not an NCI PDQ summary. Source topics may be broader than an individual diagnosis.

248 sections
  1. Hormone replacement therapy
  2. Surgical Treatment for Breast Cancer
  3. Surgical Staging of the Primary Tumor
  4. Axillary Lymph Node Management
  5. Breast Reconstruction
  6. Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer
  7. Post–Breast-Conserving Surgery
  8. Omission of radiation therapy for favorable, early-stage breast cancer
  9. Partial breast irradiation
  10. Regional nodal irradiation
  11. Postmastectomy
  12. Timing of Postoperative Radiation Therapy
  13. Acute and Late Toxicities of Radiation Therapy
  14. Systemic Therapy for Stages I, II, and III Breast Cancer
  15. Patient Selection, Staging, Treatment, and Follow-Up
  16. Stages I, II, and III HER2-Negative Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
  17. Preoperative endocrine therapy for HER2-negative hormone receptor–positive breast cancer
  18. Postoperative systemic therapy for HER2-negative hormone receptor–positive breast cancer
  19. Anthracycline-containing chemotherapy
  20. Non–anthracycline-containing regimens
  21. Timing of postoperative chemotherapy
  22. Endocrine therapy
  23. Tamoxifen
  24. Tamoxifen and chemotherapy
  25. Ovarian ablation, tamoxifen, and chemotherapy
  26. Aromatase inhibitors
  27. Premenopausal women
  28. Postmenopausal women
  29. Initial therapy
  30. Sequential tamoxifen and AI versus 5 years of tamoxifen
  31. Sequential tamoxifen and AI for 5 years versus an AI for 5 years
  32. One AI versus another for 5 years
  33. Switching to an AI after 5 years of tamoxifen
  34. Duration of AI therapy
  35. Endocrine therapy and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor therapy
  36. Bone-Modifying Therapy for Stages I, II, and III Breast Cancer
  37. Adjuvant PARP Inhibitors for Patients with Germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 Variants
  38. Stages I, II, and III Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)
  39. Preoperative therapy for TNBC
  40. Chemotherapy
  41. Immunotherapy
  42. Postoperative therapy for TNBC
  43. Capecitabine therapy
  44. Immunotherapy
  45. Stages I, II, and III HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
  46. Preoperative therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer
  47. Trastuzumab
  48. Pertuzumab
  49. Postoperative therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer
  50. Trastuzumab
  51. Pertuzumab
  52. Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)
  53. Neratinib
  54. Node-negative, small, HER2-positive breast cancer
  55. Toxicity of Systemic Therapy
  56. Capecitabine and Fluorouracil Dosing
  57. Toxicity of Adjuvant Chemotherapy
  58. Cardiac Toxic Effects With Adjuvant Trastuzumab
  59. Cardiac Toxic Effects With Pertuzumab and Lapatinib
  60. Toxicity of Endocrine Therapy
  61. Treatment of Locoregional Recurrent Breast Cancer
  62. Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer
  63. Treatment Option Overview for Metastatic Breast Cancer
  64. Metastatic HER2-Negative Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
  65. Endocrine therapy and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor therapy
  66. First-line palbociclib and endocrine therapy
  67. First-line ribociclib and endocrine therapy
  68. First-line abemaciclib and endocrine therapy
  69. Second-line palbociclib and endocrine therapy
  70. Second-line ribociclib and endocrine therapy
  71. Second-line abemaciclib and endocrine therapy
  72. CDK inhibitor therapy after disease progression on a prior CDK inhibitor
  73. Single-agent CDK inhibitor therapy
  74. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor therapy plus endocrine therapy
  75. AKT inhibitor therapy
  76. Capivasertib
  77. Alpelisib plus endocrine therapy
  78. Elacestrant
  79. HDAC inhibitor therapy
  80. Endocrine therapy alone
  81. Tamoxifen and AI therapy
  82. Fulvestrant
  83. First-line fulvestrant
  84. Second-line fulvestrant
  85. Combination endocrine therapy with an AI and fulvestrant
  86. Sequencing therapy for hormone receptor–positive metastatic breast cancer
  87. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor therapy
  88. Sacituzumab govitecan
  89. Chemotherapy
  90. Metastatic HER2-Low Breast Cancer
  91. Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
  92. Chemotherapy plus immunotherapy
  93. Pembrolizumab
  94. Atezolizumab
  95. Sacituzumab govitecan
  96. PARP inhibitor therapy
  97. Chemotherapy
  98. Immunotherapy monotherapy
  99. Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
  100. Monoclonal antibody therapy
  101. Trastuzumab
  102. Pertuzumab
  103. Trastuzumab emtansine
  104. Trastuzumab deruxtecan
  105. Margetuximab
  106. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy
  107. Tucatinib
  108. Neratinib
  109. Lapatinib
  110. mTOR inhibition
  111. Germline BRCA-Mutated Metastatic Breast Cancer
  112. Olaparib
  113. Talazoparib
  114. High Tumor Mutational Burden Breast Cancer
  115. Pembrolizumab
  116. Chemotherapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer
  117. Capecitabine and fluorouracil dosing
  118. Cardiac toxic effects with anthracyclines
  119. Surgical Treatment for Metastatic Breast Cancer
  120. Radiation Therapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer
  121. Bone-Modifying Therapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer
  122. Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
  123. Introduction
  124. Treatment Options for DCIS
  125. Breast Cancer Treatment
  126. Join a Clinical Trial
  127. Local treatments
  128. Surgery for Breast Cancer
  129. Radiation for Breast Cancer
  130. Systemic treatments
  131. Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
  132. Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer
  133. Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer
  134. Targeted Therapy for Breast Cancer
  135. What kind of treatment will I receive?
  136. Breast Cancer Treatment by Stage
  137. Breast Cancer During Pregnancy
  138. Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS)
  139. Inflammatory Breast Cancer Treatment
  140. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment
  141. Paget Disease of the Breast
  142. Breast Cancer Treatment by Stage
  143. Treatment of stage 0 breast cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ)
  144. Treatment of stages I to III breast cancer
  145. Treatment of locoregional recurrent breast cancer
  146. Treatment of stage IV (metastatic) breast cancer
  147. Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
  148. Who gets chemotherapy for breast cancer?
  149. When is chemotherapy for breast cancer given?
  150. Chemotherapy after surgery for breast cancer
  151. Chemotherapy before surgery for breast cancer
  152. Chemotherapy drugs used for breast cancer
  153. Side effects of chemotherapy
  154. Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer
  155. Who gets hormone therapy?
  156. What types of hormone therapy are used for breast cancer?
  157. Therapies that block ovarian function (ovarian ablation)
  158. Aromatase inhibitors to block estrogen production
  159. Therapies that block estrogen’s effects
  160. How is hormone therapy used to treat breast cancer?
  161. Adjuvant therapy for early-stage breast cancer
  162. Neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer
  163. Treatment of advanced, metastatic, or recurrent breast cancer
  164. What are the side effects of hormone therapy?
  165. What if side effects of hormone therapy interfere with my life?
  166. How effective is hormone therapy?
  167. Can other drugs interfere with hormone therapy?
  168. Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer
  169. Who gets immunotherapy for breast cancer?
  170. When is immunotherapy for breast cancer given?
  171. Immunotherapy drugs used for breast cancer
  172. Side effects of immunotherapy
  173. Inflammatory Breast Cancer Treatment
  174. Treating stage III (also called stage 3) inflammatory breast cancer
  175. Treating metastatic or stage IV (also called stage 4) inflammatory breast cancer
  176. Treatment for recurrent inflammatory breast cancer
  177. Clinical trials
  178. Coping with inflammatory breast cancer treatment
  179. Radiation for Breast Cancer
  180. Types of radiation therapy for breast cancer
  181. External beam radiation therapy for breast cancer
  182. Whole breast radiation therapy
  183. Partial breast external beam radiation therapy
  184. Intraoperative radiation therapy
  185. Brachytherapy for breast cancer
  186. Intracavitary brachytherapy
  187. Interstitial brachytherapy
  188. Permanent breast seed implant (PBSI)
  189. Intravenous radiation
  190. Side effects of radiation therapy for breast cancer
  191. Breast Cancer Surgery
  192. Learn More
  193. Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy
  194. What is breast reconstruction?
  195. How do surgeons use implants to reconstruct a woman's breast?
  196. How do surgeons use tissue from a woman's own body to reconstruct the breast?
  197. How do surgeons reconstruct the nipple and areola?
  198. What factors can affect the timing of breast reconstruction?
  199. What factors can affect the choice of breast reconstruction method?
  200. Will health insurance pay for breast reconstruction?
  201. What type of follow-up care and rehabilitation is needed after breast reconstruction?
  202. Does breast reconstruction affect the ability to check for breast cancer?
  203. What is flat closure?
  204. What are some new developments in breast reconstruction after mastectomy?
  205. Choosing Between a Lumpectomy and Mastectomy
  206. Are you facing a decision about lumpectomy vs. mastectomy?
  207. Compare lumpectomy and mastectomy
  208. Questions about the effectiveness of breast cancer surgery
  209. Which type of breast cancer surgery is best for my cancer?
  210. Will the type of breast cancer surgery I have affect how long I live?
  211. What are the chances that my breast cancer will return in the same area?
  212. Questions about recovering from breast cancer surgery
  213. Will I have pain?
  214. How long before I can return to normal activities?
  215. What other problems might I have from breast cancer surgery?
  216. Questions about treatment after breast surgery
  217. What other types of treatment might I need after breast cancer surgery?
  218. Will I need more surgery?
  219. Questions about body image and quality of life after breast cancer surgery
  220. What will my breast look like after breast cancer surgery?
  221. Will my breast have feeling after breast cancer surgery?
  222. Will the type of breast surgery I choose affect my quality of life?
  223. Think about what is important to you
  224. Lumpectomy (Breast-Conserving Surgery)
  225. Treatment before or after lumpectomy
  226. Recovering from lumpectomy
  227. Reconstruction after lumpectomy
  228. Lumpectomy risks
  229. Mastectomy
  230. Types of mastectomy
  231. Single vs. double mastectomy
  232. Mastectomy with breast reconstruction surgery
  233. Going flat after a mastectomy
  234. Recovering after a mastectomy
  235. Mastectomy risks
  236. Targeted Therapy for Breast Cancer
  237. Who gets targeted therapy for breast cancer?
  238. When is targeted therapy for breast cancer given?
  239. Targeted therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer
  240. Targeted therapy for hormone receptor–positive breast cancer
  241. Targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer
  242. Targeted therapy for BRCA-positive breast cancer
  243. Side effects of targeted therapy
  244. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment
  245. Treating stages I–III triple-negative breast cancer
  246. Treating metastatic or stage IV (also called stage 4) triple-negative breast cancer
  247. Treatment for recurrent triple-negative breast cancer
  248. Clinical trials

This page is made by Triangle. The reading above is selected source text, not a treatment recommendation, and it is not medical advice.

Drug labels

Halaven

Label date 2025-11-07

HALAVEN is a microtubule inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with: Metastatic breast cancer who have previously received at least two chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of metastatic disease. Prior therapy should...

DailyMed label

Herceptin

Label date 2026-05-29

Herceptin is a HER2/neu receptor antagonist indicated in adults for: The treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. ( 1.1 , 1.2 ) The treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma....

DailyMed label

Herceptin Hylecta

Label date 2026-05-29

HERCEPTIN HYLECTA is a combination of trastuzumab, a HER2/neu receptor antagonist, and hyaluronidase, an endoglycosidase, indicated in adults for: The treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. ( 1.1 , 1.2 ) Select patients for...

DailyMed label

HERZUMA

Label date 2025-12-22

HERZUMA is a HER2/neu receptor antagonist indicated in adults for: the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. ( 1.1 , 1.2 ) the treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. (...

DailyMed label

Ibrance

Label date 2026-07-02

IBRANCE is a kinase inhibitor indicated: • for the treatment of adult patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with: o an...

DailyMed label

Ibrance

Label date 2026-07-06

IBRANCE is a kinase inhibitor indicated: • for the treatment of adult patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with: o an...

DailyMed label

Ibrance

Label date 2026-07-02

IBRANCE is a kinase inhibitor indicated: • for the treatment of adult patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with: o an...

DailyMed label

Inluriyo

Label date 2026-06-04

INLURIYO is indicated for the treatment of adults with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, estrogen receptor-1 ( ESR1 )-mutated advanced or metastatic breast cancer with disease...

DailyMed label

Itovebi

Label date 2026-04-21

ITOVEBI, in combination with palbociclib and fulvestrant, is indicated for the treatment of adults with endocrine-resistant, PIK3CA -mutated, hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative,...

DailyMed label

IXEMPRA

Label date 2025-12-04

IXEMPRA is indicated in combination with capecitabine for the treatment of patients with metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer resistant to treatment with an anthracycline and a taxane, or whose cancer is taxane resistant and for...

DailyMed label

KADCYLA

Label date 2026-04-01

KADCYLA is a HER2-targeted antibody and microtubule inhibitor conjugate indicated, as a single agent, for: the treatment of patients with HER2-positive, metastatic breast cancer who previously received trastuzumab and a taxane,...

DailyMed label

Kanjinti

Label date 2026-06-23

KANJINTI is a HER2/neu receptor antagonist indicated in adults for: the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. ( 1.1 , 1.2 ) the treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. (...

DailyMed label

KISQALI

Label date 2026-07-01

KISQALI is a kinase inhibitor indicated: in combination with an aromatase inhibitor for the adjuvant treatment of adults with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative stage II and III...

DailyMed label

Kit for the preparation of Lymphoseek (technetium Tc 99m tilmanocept)

Label date 2026-08-28

Lymphoseek is a radioactive diagnostic agent indicated with or without scintigraphic imaging for: • Lymphatic mapping using a handheld gamma counter to locate lymph nodes draining a primary tumor site in adult and pediatric patients age...

DailyMed label

Kit for the Preparation of Technetium Tc99m Sestamibi

Label date 2022-11-18

1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE Technetium Tc99m Sestamibi is a myocardial perfusion agent indicated for: detecting coronary artery disease by localizing myocardial ischemia (reversible defects) and infarction (non-reversible defects)...

DailyMed label

Kit for the Prepartion of Technetium Tc99m Sulfur Colloid

Label date 2024-09-13

Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid Injection is indicated: In adults, to assist in the: localization of lymph nodes draining a primary tumor in patients with breast cancer or malignant melanoma when used with a hand-held gamma counter....

DailyMed label

LUMISIGHT

Label date 2026-01-09

LUMISIGHT is indicated for fluorescence imaging in adults with breast cancer as an adjunct for the intraoperative detection of cancerous tissue within the resection cavity following removal of the primary specimen during lumpectomy...

DailyMed label

MARGENZA

Label date 2025-02-11

MARGENZA is indicated, in combination with chemotherapy, for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer who have received two or more prior anti-HER2 regimens, at least one of which was for metastatic...

DailyMed label

MARGENZA

Label date 2025-01-23

MARGENZA is indicated, in combination with chemotherapy, for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer who have received two or more prior anti-HER2 regimens, at least one of which was for metastatic...

DailyMed label

Nerlynx

Label date 2026-07-02

NERLYNX is a kinase inhibitor indicated: As a single agent, for the extended adjuvant treatment of adult patients with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer, to follow adjuvant trastuzumab-based therapy. ( 1.1 ) In combination with...

DailyMed label

OGIVRI

Label date 2026-06-26

Ogivri is a HER2/neu receptor antagonist indicated in adults for: The treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. ( 1.1 , 1.2 ) The treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. (...

DailyMed label

Ontruzant

Label date 2026-04-20

Ontruzant is a HER2/neu receptor antagonist indicated in adults for: The treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. ( 1.1 , 1.2 ) The treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma....

DailyMed label

ORSERDU

Label date 2026-06-24

ORSERDU is indicated for the treatment of postmenopausal women or adult men with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‑negative, ESR1 -mutated advanced or metastatic breast cancer, as detected...

DailyMed label

PERJETA

Label date 2026-04-30

PERJETA is a HER2/neu receptor antagonist indicated for: Use in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel for treatment of adults with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who have not received prior anti-HER2 therapy or...

DailyMed label

Phesgo

Label date 2026-05-21

PHESGO is a combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab, HER2/neu receptor antagonists, and hyaluronidase, an endoglycosidase, indicated for: Use in combination with chemotherapy as: neoadjuvant treatment of patients with HER2-positive,...

DailyMed label

PIQRAY

Label date 2025-12-15

PIQRAY is indicated in combination with fulvestrant for the treatment of adults with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, PIK3CA-mutated, advanced or metastatic breast cancer as...

DailyMed label

PREMARIN

Label date 2024-02-04

PREMARIN is a mixture of estrogens indicated for: • Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms due to Menopause ( 1.1 ) • Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy due to Menopause ( 1.2 ) • Treatment of...

DailyMed label

Premarin

Label date 2025-04-02

PREMARIN is a mixture of estrogens indicated for: • Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms due to Menopause ( 1.1 ) • Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy due to Menopause ( 1.2 ) • Treatment of...

DailyMed label

Premarin

Label date 2026-06-04

PREMARIN is a mixture of estrogens indicated for: • Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms due to Menopause ( 1.1 ) • Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy due to Menopause ( 1.2 ) • Treatment of...

DailyMed label

SOLTAMOX

Label date 2021-11-29

SOLTAMOX is an estrogen agonist/antagonist indicated: For treatment of adult patients with estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer ( 1.1 ) For adjuvant treatment of adult patients with early stage estrogen receptor- positive...

DailyMed label

Talzenna

Label date 2026-06-01

TALZENNA is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor indicated for: Breast Cancer • As a single agent, for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA -mutated (g BRCA m) HER2-negative...

DailyMed label

Talzenna

Label date 2026-04-10

TALZENNA is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor indicated for: Breast Cancer • As a single agent, for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA -mutated (g BRCA m) HER2-negative...

DailyMed label

Talzenna

Label date 2024-07-09

TALZENNA is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor indicated for: Breast Cancer • As a single agent, for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA -mutated (g BRCA m) HER2-negative...

DailyMed label

Talzenna

Label date 2025-12-18

TALZENNA is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor indicated for: Breast Cancer • As a single agent, for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA -mutated (g BRCA m) HER2-negative...

DailyMed label

Trazimera

Label date 2026-04-10

TRAZIMERA is a HER2/neu receptor antagonist indicated in adults for: • The treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. ( 1.1 , 1.2 ) • The treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction...

DailyMed label

TRODELVY

Label date 2026-06-24

TRODELVY is a Trop-2-directed antibody and topoisomerase inhibitor conjugate indicated: Locally Advanced or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer First Line As a single agent for the first-line treatment of adult patients with...

DailyMed label

TUKYSA

Label date 2024-11-04

TUKYSA is a kinase inhibitor indicated: • in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine for treatment of adult patients with advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer, including patients with brain metastases,...

DailyMed label

TYKERB

Label date 2026-01-27

TYKERB ® is indicated in combination with: capecitabine for the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer whose tumors overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and who have received prior...

DailyMed label

VEPPANU

Label date 2025-05-01

VEPPANU is indicated for the treatment of adults with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, estrogen receptor-1 (ESR1) -mutated advanced or metastatic breast cancer, as detected by an...

DailyMed label

VEPPANU

Label date 2026-06-12

VEPPANU is indicated for the treatment of adults with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, estrogen receptor-1 (ESR1) -mutated advanced or metastatic breast cancer, as detected by an...

DailyMed label

Verzenio

Label date 2026-07-13

VERZENIO ® is a kinase inhibitor indicated: in combination with endocrine therapy (tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor) for the adjuvant treatment of adult patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor...

DailyMed label

ZOLADEX

Label date 2026-03-24

ZOLADEX is a Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonist indicated for: Use in combination with flutamide for the management of locally confined carcinoma of the prostate ( 1.1 ) Palliative treatment of advanced carcinoma of the...

DailyMed label