HEALTH PROFESSIONAL · SOURCE READING

Immunotherapy

Source: Bladder Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version, National Cancer Institute.

Source updated: May 2, 2025 · Captured 2026-09-09.

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Context: Treatment of Stage IV Bladder Cancer / Treatment Options for Stage IV Bladder Cancer / Treatment options for patients with any T, any N, M1 disease

Immunotherapy has emerged as a treatment alternative for patients with stage IV bladder cancer. Anti−PD-1 or anti−programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors have activity against urothelial carcinoma in patients who have previously been treated with, or who are ineligible for, platinum-based chemotherapy.[53-57] There are several approved agents. However, pembrolizumab has the most robust data in terms of level of evidence and survival rates.

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Pembrolizumab →Atezolizumab →Nivolumab →Avelumab →Durvalumab →

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