TriangleNCT00803062 · CITED IN SOURCE DOCUMENTS
Paclitaxel and Cisplatin or Topotecan With or Without Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Stage IVB, Recurrent, or Persistent Cervical Cancer
An NCI or FDA source cites this study. A citation does not establish that it applies to an individual diagnosis.
- Phase
- PHASE3
- Status at capture
- COMPLETED
- Registry last update
- 2019-07-23
This randomized phase III trial studies the side effects of paclitaxel when given together with cisplatin or topotecan with or without bevacizumab and to compare how well they work in treating patients with stage IVB, cervical cancer that has come back or is persistent. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as paclitaxel, cisplatin, and topotecan, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Monoclonal antibodies, such as bevacizumab, may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. It is not yet known whether paclitaxel is more effective when given together with cisplatin or topotecan with or without bevacizumab in treating patients with cervical cancer.
Open the original ClinicalTrials.gov record → · Download preserved record
What did the study report?
Outcomes, safety and baseline populations are separate source sections. Quality-of-life measures appear under their original outcome titles.
Participant flow
Baseline characteristics
Overall Survival
Progression-free Survival
Tumor Response
To Determine and Compare the Frequency and Severity of Adverse Events as Assessed by CTCAE Version 3.0 for the Regimens Administered on This Study.
Extent of Nicotine Dependence
Health-related Quality of Life
Levels of Angiogenesis Markers in Plasma
Levels of Cell-free DNA in Plasma
Levels of Tumor Measures of Angiogenesis
Number of CTCs
Prevalence of Active Smoking
Adverse events
Limitations, agreements, and source contact
Who could take part
- eligibility Criteria
- Inclusion Criteria: * Patients must have primary stage IVB, recurrent or persistent squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, or adenocarcinoma of the cervix which is not amenable to curative treatment with surgery and/or radiation therapy * All patients must have measurable disease; measurable disease is defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension (longest dimension to be recorded); each lesion must be \>= 20 mm when measured by conventional techniques, including palpation, plain x-ray, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or \>= 10 mm when measured by spiral CT; biopsy confirmation is required if the lesion(s) measures \< 30 mm or if the treating physician determines it is clinically indicated; patients must have at least one "target lesion" to be used to assess response on this protocol as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST); this lesion should be the one that was biopsied if one was performed; tumors within a previously irradiated field will be designated as "non-target" lesions unless progression is documented or a biopsy is obtained to confirm persistence at least 90 days following completion of radiation therapy * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1500/mcl * Platelets \>= 100,000/mcl * Serum creatinine =\< upper limit of normal (ULN) (Common Toxicity Criteria \[CTC\] grade 0) or calculated creatinine clearance (Jeliffe formula) \>= 60 ml/min * Bilirubin =\< 1.5 x institutional normal * Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) =\< 2.5 x institutional normal * Alkaline phosphatase =\< 2.5 x institutional normal * Prothrombin time (PT) such that international normalized ratio (INR) is =\< 1.5 (or an in-range INR, usually between 2 and 3, if a patient is on a stable dose of therapeutic warfarin for management of venous thrombosis including pulmonary thrombo-embolus) * Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) \< 1.2 times the upper limit of normal * Urine protein-creatinine ratio (UPC ratio) \< 1.0 * Patients must have a GOG performance status of 0 or 1 * Patients must have recovered from the effects of surgery, radiation therapy, or chemoradiotherapy; at least six weeks must have elapsed from the last administration of chemoradiotherapy, and at least three weeks must have elapsed from the last administration of radiation therapy alone; at least six weeks must have elapsed from the time of any major surgical procedure prior to randomization * Patients must have signed an approved informed consent and authorization permitting release of personal health information * Patients must meet all of the pre-entry requirements, including baseline QOL questionnaire * Patients must be free of active infection requiring antibiotics Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with bilateral hydronephrosis which cannot be alleviated by ureteral stents or percutaneous drainage * Patients previously treated with chemotherapy except when used concurrently with radiation therapy * Patients who have received concurrent paclitaxel and/or concurrent topotecan with radiation therapy are ineligible * Patients with craniospinal metastases * Patients with a concomitant malignancy other than non-melanoma skin cancer * Patients with a prior invasive malignancy (except non-melanoma skin cancer) who have had any evidence of disease within the last 5 years or whose prior malignancy treatment contraindicates the current protocol therapy * Patients with serious non-healing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture; this includes history of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation or intra-abdominal abscess for which an interval of 3 to 6 months must pass before study entry; in addition, the patient must have undergone correction (or spontaneous healing) of the perforation/fistula and/or the underlying process causing the fistula/perforation; patients with granulating incisions healing by secondary intention with no evidence of fascial dehiscence or infection are eligible but require weekly wound examinations * Patients with active bleeding or pathologic conditions that carry high risk of bleeding, such as known bleeding disorder, coagulopathy, or tumor involving major vessels * Patients with history or evidence upon physical examination of central nervous system (CNS) disease, including primary brain tumor, seizures not controlled with standard medical therapy, any brain metastases, or history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA, stroke), transient ischemic attack (TIA) or subarachnoid hemorrhage within six months of the first date of treatment on this study * Patients with clinically significant cardiovascular disease; this includes: * Uncontrolled hypertension, defined as systolic \> 150 mm Hg or diastolic \> 90 mm Hg * Myocardial infarction or unstable angina \< 6 months prior to registration * New York Heart Association (NYHA) grade II or greater congestive heart failure * Serious cardiac arrhythmia requiring medication; this does not include asymptomatic, atrial fibrillation with controlled ventricular rate * CTCAE grade 2 or greater peripheral vascular disease (at least brief \[\< 24 hours (hrs)\]) episodes of ischemia managed non-surgically and without permanent deficit) * History of CVA within six months * Patients with known hypersensitivity to Chinese hamster ovary cell products or other recombinant human or humanized antibodies * Patients with or with anticipation of invasive procedures as defined below: * Major surgical procedure, open biopsy or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to the first date of bevacizumab therapy * Major surgical procedure anticipated during the course of the study; this includes, but is not limited to abdominal surgery (laparotomy or laparoscopy) prior to disease progression, such as colostomy or enterostomy reversal, interval or secondary cytoreductive surgery, or second look surgery; please consult with the study chair prior to patient entry for any questions related to the classification of surgical procedures * Core biopsy, within 7 days prior to randomization * Patients who are pregnant or nursing; bevacizumab should not be administered to pregnant women; bevacizumab should not be administered to nursing women; patients of childbearing potential must agree to use contraceptive measures during study therapy and for at least six months after completion of bevacizumab therapy * Patients who have received prior therapy with any anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drug, including bevacizumab * Patients with clinical symptoms or signs of gastrointestinal obstruction and who require parenteral hydration and/or nutrition * Patients with medical history or conditions not otherwise previously specified which in the opinion of the investigator should exclude participation in this study; the investigator should feel free to consult the Study Chair or Study Co-Chairs for uncertainty in this regard * Patients with significant peripheral vascular disease * Patients with pre-existing grade 2 or greater peripheral neuropathy
- healthy Volunteers
- false
- minimum Age
- 18 Years
- sex
- FEMALE
- std Ages
- ADULT
- OLDER_ADULT
Treatment arms and interventions
- arm Groups
- description
- Patients receive paclitaxel IV over 3 hours or 24 hours on day 1 and cisplatin IV on day 1 or 2.
- intervention Names
- Drug: Cisplatin
- Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
- Drug: Paclitaxel
- Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment
- Other: Questionnaire Administration
- label
- Arm I (paclitaxel and cisplatin)
- type
- ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
- description
- Patients receive paclitaxel IV over 3 hours or 24 hours on day 1 and cisplatin IV and bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on day 1 or 2.
- intervention Names
- Biological: Bevacizumab
- Drug: Cisplatin
- Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
- Drug: Paclitaxel
- Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment
- Other: Questionnaire Administration
- label
- Arm II (paclitaxel, cisplatin, bevacizumab)
- type
- EXPERIMENTAL
- description
- Patients receive paclitaxel IV over 3 hours on day 1 and topotecan hydrochloride IV over 30 minutes on days 1-3.
- intervention Names
- Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
- Drug: Paclitaxel
- Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment
- Other: Questionnaire Administration
- Drug: Topotecan Hydrochloride
- label
- Arm III (topotecan hydrochloride and paclitaxel)
- type
- EXPERIMENTAL
- description
- Patients receive paclitaxel IV over 3 hours and bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on day 1 and topotecan hydrochloride IV over 30 minutes on days 1-3.
- intervention Names
- Biological: Bevacizumab
- Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
- Drug: Paclitaxel
- Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment
- Other: Questionnaire Administration
- Drug: Topotecan Hydrochloride
- label
- Arm IV (topotecan hydrochloride, paclitaxel, bevacizumab)
- type
- EXPERIMENTAL
- interventions
- arm Group Labels
- Arm II (paclitaxel, cisplatin, bevacizumab)
- Arm IV (topotecan hydrochloride, paclitaxel, bevacizumab)
- description
- Given IV
- name
- Bevacizumab
- other Names
- Anti-VEGF
- Anti-VEGF Humanized Monoclonal Antibody
- Anti-VEGF rhuMAb
- Avastin
- Immunoglobulin G1 (Human-Mouse Monoclonal rhuMab-VEGF Gamma-Chain Anti-Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), Disulfide With Human-Mouse Monoclonal rhuMab-VEGF Light Chain, Dimer
- Recombinant Humanized Anti-VEGF Monoclonal Antibody
- rhuMab-VEGF
- type
- BIOLOGICAL
- arm Group Labels
- Arm I (paclitaxel and cisplatin)
- Arm II (paclitaxel, cisplatin, bevacizumab)
- description
- Given IV
- name
- Cisplatin
- other Names
- Abiplatin
- Blastolem
- Briplatin
- CDDP
- Cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum
- Cis-diamminedichloridoplatinum
- Cis-diamminedichloro Platinum (II)
- Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum
- Cis-dichloroammine Platinum (II)
- Cis-platinous Diamine Dichloride
- Cis-platinum
- Cis-platinum II
- type
- DRUG
- arm Group Labels
- Arm I (paclitaxel and cisplatin)
- Arm II (paclitaxel, cisplatin, bevacizumab)
- Arm III (topotecan hydrochloride and paclitaxel)
- Arm IV (topotecan hydrochloride, paclitaxel, bevacizumab)
- description
- Correlative studies
- name
- Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
- type
- OTHER
- arm Group Labels
- Arm I (paclitaxel and cisplatin)
- Arm II (paclitaxel, cisplatin, bevacizumab)
- Arm III (topotecan hydrochloride and paclitaxel)
- Arm IV (topotecan hydrochloride, paclitaxel, bevacizumab)
- description
- Given IV
- name
- Paclitaxel
- other Names
- Anzatax
- Asotax
- Bristaxol
- Praxel
- Taxol
- Taxol Konzentrat
- type
- DRUG
- arm Group Labels
- Arm I (paclitaxel and cisplatin)
- Arm II (paclitaxel, cisplatin, bevacizumab)
- Arm III (topotecan hydrochloride and paclitaxel)
- Arm IV (topotecan hydrochloride, paclitaxel, bevacizumab)
- description
- Ancillary studies
- name
- Quality-of-Life Assessment
- other Names
- Quality of Life Assessment
- type
- OTHER
- arm Group Labels
- Arm I (paclitaxel and cisplatin)
- Arm II (paclitaxel, cisplatin, bevacizumab)
- Arm III (topotecan hydrochloride and paclitaxel)
- Arm IV (topotecan hydrochloride, paclitaxel, bevacizumab)
- description
- Ancillary studies
- name
- Questionnaire Administration
- type
- OTHER
- arm Group Labels
- Arm III (topotecan hydrochloride and paclitaxel)
- Arm IV (topotecan hydrochloride, paclitaxel, bevacizumab)
- description
- Given IV
- name
- Topotecan Hydrochloride
- other Names
- Hycamptamine
- Hycamtin
- SKF S-104864-A
- Topotecan HCl
- topotecan hydrochloride (oral)
- type
- DRUG
Study design
- allocation
- RANDOMIZED
- intervention Model
- PARALLEL
- masking Info
- masking
- NONE
- primary Purpose
- TREATMENT
Enrollment
- count
- 452
- type
- ACTUAL
Registered outcome plans (not posted results)
- other Outcomes
- description
- Assessed from answers the patients provide to a questionnaire. Will be assessed for associations with progression and/or death.
- measure
- Extent of Nicotine Dependence
- time Frame
- Up to 5 years
- description
- Assessed by FACT-Cx TOI; FACT/GOG-Ntx4 subscale; and BPI at baseline, before courses 2 and 5, and at 6 and 9 months after course 1. The linear mixed model will be used to evaluate the hypotheses on FACT-Cx TOI score, adjusting for baseline FACT-Cx TOI scores and age. A mixed-effects mixed-distribution model will be considered to analyze NTx4 subscale scores and the BPI score. 95% confidence intervals will be reported for the estimated treatment differences of BPI score.
- measure
- Health-related Quality of Life
- time Frame
- Up to 9 months after course 1
- description
- Associations between biomarkers and overall survival or progression-free survival will be examined in a Cox proportional hazards model that includes significant prognostic variables based on prior research such as performance status, prior cisplatin therapy, and stage of disease. Logistic regression will be used to help assess the value of biomarkers in predicting response to a particular treatment or determine associations with response.
- measure
- Levels of Angiogenesis Markers in Plasma
- time Frame
- Up to 5 years
- description
- Associations between biomarkers and overall survival or progression-free survival will be examined in a Cox proportional hazards model that includes significant prognostic variables based on prior research such as performance status, prior cisplatin therapy, and stage of disease. Logistic regression will be used to help assess the value of biomarkers in predicting response to a particular treatment or determine associations with response.
- measure
- Levels of Cell-free DNA in Plasma
- time Frame
- Up to 5 years
- description
- Associations between biomarkers and overall survival or progression-free survival will be examined in a Cox proportional hazards model that includes significant prognostic variables based on prior research such as performance status, prior cisplatin therapy, and stage of disease. Logistic regression will be used to help assess the value of biomarkers in predicting response to a particular treatment or determine associations with response.
- measure
- Levels of Tumor Measures of Angiogenesis
- time Frame
- Up to 5 years
- description
- Associations between biomarkers and overall survival or progression-free survival will be examined in a Cox proportional hazards model that includes significant prognostic variables based on prior research such as performance status, prior cisplatin therapy, and stage of disease. Logistic regression will be used to help assess the value of biomarkers in predicting response to a particular treatment or determine associations with response.
- measure
- Number of CTCs
- time Frame
- Up to 5 years
- description
- An estimate of the prevalence of active smoking will be calculated. Will be assessed for associations with progression and/or death.
- measure
- Prevalence of Active Smoking
- time Frame
- Up to 5 years
- primary Outcomes
- description
- The observed length of life from randomization into the study to death or the date of last contact.
- measure
- Overall Survival
- time Frame
- From entry into the study to death or the date of last contact, assessed up to 5 years
- description
- Disease that can be assessed clinically (physical examination) should be evaluated every cycle (every 3 weeks). Disease assessed by imaging modalities (CXR, CT, MRI) should be evaluated every other cycle unless other evidence of a change mandates earlier assessment. Tumor measurements should also be done after the final cycle (if the patient is taken off of study therapy for a reason other than progression) and then every 3 months x 2 years (followed with every 6 months x 3 years) until progression is documented. "Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions assessed radiographically and 50% increase if the only target lesion is a solitary pelvic mass measured by physical exam, or unequivocal progression of a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions", or similar definition as accurate and appropriate.
- measure
- Progression-free Survival
- time Frame
- From study entry until disease progression, death or date of last contact, assessed up to 5 years (During treatment: every 3 weeks if by physical exam, every 6 weeks by CXR, CT or MRI. In follow-up: quarterly for 2 years then semi-annually for 3 years)
- description
- Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0) for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), \>= 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions by CT, MRI or CXR. If the only target lesion is a solitary pelvic mass measured by physical exam, which is not radiographically measurable, a 50% increase in longest diameter is required; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR.
- measure
- Tumor Response
- time Frame
- Every cycle (if assessed by physical exam), every other cycle (if assessed by imaging), after the final cycle, then every 3 months x 2 years, then every 6 months x 3 years up to 5 years.
- description
- The number of patients on each arm who have Grade 3 AE or higher toxicity.
- measure
- To Determine and Compare the Frequency and Severity of Adverse Events as Assessed by CTCAE Version 3.0 for the Regimens Administered on This Study.
- time Frame
- From date of enrollment until 30 days after treatment completion
Full study description
- brief Summary
- This randomized phase III trial studies the side effects of paclitaxel when given together with cisplatin or topotecan with or without bevacizumab and to compare how well they work in treating patients with stage IVB, cervical cancer that has come back or is persistent. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as paclitaxel, cisplatin, and topotecan, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Monoclonal antibodies, such as bevacizumab, may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. It is not yet known whether paclitaxel is more effective when given together with cisplatin or topotecan with or without bevacizumab in treating patients with cervical cancer.
- detailed Description
- PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine whether the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy improves overall survival. Also to determine if a regimen involving paclitaxel and topotecan improves overall survival in comparison to a regimen involving cisplatin and paclitaxel. These regimens are to be evaluated in patients with stage IVB, recurrent, or persistent carcinoma of the cervix. II. To determine and compare the frequency and severity of adverse events as assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0 for the regimens administered on this study. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To estimate and compare the progression-free survival of patients treated by the regimens investigated on this study. II. To estimate and compare the proportion of patients with tumor responses by the regimens investigated on this study. TERTIARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine whether the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy, or the substitution of cisplatin with topotecan improve the health related quality of life (QOL) as measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cervix Trial Outcome Index scale (FACT-Cx TOI) and produce favorable toxicity profiles (with a particular focus on peripheral neuropathy as measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity version 4 \[FACT/GOG-Ntx4\] subscale and pain as measured by Brief Pain Inventory \[BPI\] single item). II. To evaluate the impact of age, race, performance status, stage, histology, grade, disease site, prior chemotherapy with primary radiation, and time to recurrence on response rate, progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with metastatic/recurrent/persistent carcinoma of the cervix. III. To determine the prevalence of active smoking in this cohort of recurrent cervical cancer patients. IV. To estimate the extent of tobacco/nicotine dependence in the cohort. V. To determine if smoking is an independent risk factor for progression-free survival and overall survival in this population. VI. To isolate, enumerate and characterize circulating tumor cells (CTC) recovered from blood drawn pre-cycle 1, pre-cycle 2 and pre-cycle 3 using the CTC-chip developed by the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) BioMEMS Resource Center and the MGH Cancer Center. VII. To determine the association between CTC counts or characteristics and measures of clinical outcome. VIII. To examine the association between angiogenesis markers in plasma (recovered from blood drawn pre-cycle 1, pre-cycle 2 and pre-cycle 3) and measures of clinical outcome. IX. To evaluate the association between tumor markers of angiogenesis and hypoxia (using archival formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor tissue) and measures of clinical outcome. X. To evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (using deoxyribonucleic acid \[DNA\] extracted from whole blood) and measures of clinical outcome as well as measures of quality of life such as chemotherapy toxicity. XI. To examine the relationship(s) among the various biomarkers. XII. To develop an optimal prognostic model for progression-free survival and overall survival using clinical covariates, smoking status and the various biomarkers. OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 4 treatment arms. ARM I: Patients receive paclitaxel intravenously (IV) over 3 hours or 24 hours on day 1 and cisplatin IV on day 1 or 2. ARM II: Patients receive paclitaxel IV over 3 hours or 24 hours on day 1 and cisplatin IV and bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on day 1 or 2. ARM III: Patients receive paclitaxel IV over 3 hours on day 1 and topotecan hydrochloride IV over 30 minutes on days 1-3. ARM IV: Patients receive paclitaxel IV over 3 hours and bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on day 1 and topotecan hydrochloride IV over 30 minutes on days 1-3. In all arms, courses repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3 months for 2 years and then every 6 months for 3 years.
Source references
- references
- citation
- Tewari KS, Sill MW, Birrer MJ, Penson RT, Huang H, Moore DH, Ramondetta LM, Landrum LM, Oaknin A, Reid TJ, Leitao MM, Michael HE, Monk BJ. Final survival analysis of topotecan and paclitaxel for first-line treatment of advanced cervical cancer: An NRG oncology randomized study. Gynecol Oncol. 2023 Apr;171:141-150. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.01.010. Epub 2023 Mar 8.
- pmid
- 36898292
- type
- DERIVED
- citation
- Tewari KS, Sill MW, Monk BJ, Penson RT, Moore DH, Lankes HA, Ramondetta LM, Landrum LM, Randall LM, Oaknin A, Leitao MM, Eisenhauer EL, DiSilvestro P, Van Le L, Pearl ML, Burke JJ, Salani R, Richardson DL, Michael HE, Kindelberger DW, Birrer MJ. Circulating Tumor Cells In Advanced Cervical Cancer: NRG Oncology-Gynecologic Oncology Group Study 240 (NCT 00803062). Mol Cancer Ther. 2020 Nov;19(11):2363-2370. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-20-0276. Epub 2020 Aug 26.
- pmid
- 32847980
- type
- DERIVED
- citation
- Tewari KS, Sill MW, Penson RT, Huang H, Ramondetta LM, Landrum LM, Oaknin A, Reid TJ, Leitao MM, Michael HE, DiSaia PJ, Copeland LJ, Creasman WT, Stehman FB, Brady MF, Burger RA, Thigpen JT, Birrer MJ, Waggoner SE, Moore DH, Look KY, Koh WJ, Monk BJ. Bevacizumab for advanced cervical cancer: final overall survival and adverse event analysis of a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial (Gynecologic Oncology Group 240). Lancet. 2017 Oct 7;390(10103):1654-1663. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31607-0. Epub 2017 Jul 27.
- pmid
- 28756902
- type
- DERIVED
- citation
- Penson RT, Huang HQ, Wenzel LB, Monk BJ, Stockman S, Long HJ 3rd, Ramondetta LM, Landrum LM, Oaknin A, Reid TJ, Leitao MM, Method M, Michael H, Tewari KS. Bevacizumab for advanced cervical cancer: patient-reported outcomes of a randomised, phase 3 trial (NRG Oncology-Gynecologic Oncology Group protocol 240). Lancet Oncol. 2015 Mar;16(3):301-11. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70004-5. Epub 2015 Jan 29.
- pmid
- 25638326
- type
- DERIVED
- citation
- Tewari KS, Sill MW, Long HJ 3rd, Penson RT, Huang H, Ramondetta LM, Landrum LM, Oaknin A, Reid TJ, Leitao MM, Michael HE, Monk BJ. Improved survival with bevacizumab in advanced cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2014 Feb 20;370(8):734-43. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1309748.
- pmid
- 24552320
- type
- DERIVED
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Preserved source evidence · Not medical advice