{"denoms":[{"counts":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"24"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"28"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"52"}],"units":"Participants"}],"groups":[{"description":"If the patient is randomized to Group I, the patient will receive general anesthesia using Propofol titrated for induction. The airway will be secured thereafter. The caudal block will be performed as a bolus injection into the caudal canal in the OR by the attending anesthesiologist using 1% Ropivacaine (max 5mg/kg) + 1:400,000 Epinephrine + Decadron 10mg + Clonidine 100mcg. Patients will be continuously monitored by ASA guidelines. Anesthesia will be maintained with Sevoflurane 1.3-2.5% or Desflurane 2.5-8.5%, oxygen, air, nitrous oxide and Fentanyl as needed. At the completion of surgery, reversal of muscle relaxant with Glycopyrrolate 0.2mg IV for each 1mg IV of Neostigmine (max 5mg) will be given as indicated.","id":"BG000","title":"General Anesthesia and Caudal Nerve Block"},{"description":"Patients in Group II will receive general anesthesia using Propofol titrated for induction. The airway will be secured thereafter. Anesthesia will be maintained with Sevoflurane 1.3-2.5% or Desflurane 2.5-8.5%, oxygen, air, nitrous oxide and fentanyl as needed. At the completion of surgery, reversal of muscle relaxant with Glycopyrrolate 0.2mg IV for each 1mg IV of neostigmine (max 5mg) will be given as indicated.","id":"BG001","title":"General Anesthesia Only"},{"description":"Total of all reporting groups","id":"BG002","title":"Total"}],"measures":[{"classes":[{"categories":[{"measurements":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"0"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"0"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"0"}],"title":"<=18 years"},{"measurements":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"10"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"10"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"20"}],"title":"Between 18 and 65 years"},{"measurements":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"14"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"18"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"32"}],"title":">=65 years"}],"denoms":[{"counts":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"24"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"28"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"52"}],"units":"Participants"}]}],"paramType":"COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS","title":"Age, Categorical","unitOfMeasure":"Participants"},{"classes":[{"categories":[{"measurements":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"0"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"0"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"0"}],"title":"Female"},{"measurements":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"24"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"28"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"52"}],"title":"Male"}],"denoms":[{"counts":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"24"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"28"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"52"}],"units":"Participants"}]}],"paramType":"COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS","title":"Sex: Female, Male","unitOfMeasure":"Participants"},{"classes":[{"categories":[{"measurements":[{"groupId":"BG002","value":"0"}]}],"denoms":[{"counts":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"0"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"0"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"0"}],"units":"Participants"}]}],"paramType":"COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS","populationDescription":"Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.","title":"Race and Ethnicity Not Collected","unitOfMeasure":"Participants"},{"classes":[{"categories":[{"measurements":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"24"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"28"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"52"}]}],"denoms":[{"counts":[{"groupId":"BG000","value":"24"},{"groupId":"BG001","value":"28"},{"groupId":"BG002","value":"52"}],"units":"Participants"}],"title":"United States"}],"paramType":"NUMBER","title":"Region of Enrollment","unitOfMeasure":"participants"}]}